SCC

Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a common type of skin cancer that typically arises from the squamous cells in the outer layer of the skin, it is often associated with prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Recognising the signs and symptoms of SCC supports timely medical review and discussion of management options. Here’s what you need to know:

Symptoms and Signs of Squamous Cell Carcinoma

SCC can appear in several forms. Common features include:

• Skin Lesions: SCC may present as firm, red nodules or flat, scaly patches on sun-exposed areas such as the face, ears, lips, and backs of the hands. These lesions may have irregular borders and can change over time.
• Warty Growth: Some SCCs may appear as rough, wart-like growths that may crust, bleed, or ulcerate. These growths often have a raised, uneven surface and can vary in size and colour.
• Persistent Sores: SCCs can present as non-healing sores or ulcers that do not resolve with standard wound care. These may be tender and can slowly increase in size.

Causes and Risk Factors of Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Understanding the factors associated with SCC can help guide prevention and awareness:

• UV Exposure: Prolonged and unprotected exposure to UV radiation from the sun or artificial sources, such as tanning beds, is a leading risk factor for SCC. UV exposure can damage the DNA in skin cells, contributing to abnormal growths.
• Fair Skin: Individuals with lighter skin tones, light-coloured eyes, and blonde or red hair may have a higher risk of SCC, as they have less melanin to protect against UV radiation.
• Age: The likelihood of developing SCC increases with age. Most cases occur in adults over 50, though it can develop earlier in those with significant sun exposure.
• Immunosuppression: People with weakened immune systems, such as organ transplant recipients or those taking immunosuppressive medications, have a higher risk of SCC.

Management Options for Squamous Cell Carcinoma

During a consultation, your clinician will discuss management options tailored to the size, location, and characteristics of the lesion. Approaches that may be discussed include:

• Surgical excision: The lesion is removed with a margin of surrounding tissue under local anaesthesia. The goals and expected recovery may be discussed in your consultation.
• Mohs Micrographic Surgery: A specialised surgical technique where tissue is removed and examined layer by layer under a microscope. This may be recommended for certain locations or growth patterns, and referrals to specialist services can be arranged if appropriate.
• Radiation Therapy:  Radiation therapy uses high-energy radiation beams. It may be discussed as an option for SCCs that present surgical challenges or for individuals for whom surgery may not be a suitable path.
• Topical Cream Consultations: For some superficial SCCs or lesions in cosmetically sensitive areas, a prescription only topical cream may be discussed. These creams work in different ways, and a consultation would cover the application process, expected skin reactions, and suitability for your specific circumstances.
• Cryotherapy: This involves the application of liquid nitrogen to freeze the area of concern. Cryotherapy is an option often discussed for small, superficial SCCs, sometimes in conjunction with other approaches. The process and expected experience may be covered in your consultation.

Prognosis and Outlook for Squamous Cell Carcinoma

The prognosis for squamous cell carcinoma is generally favourable when identified and managed early. However, recurrence or spread can occur depending on tumour size, depth, and other characteristics..

• Recurrence Risk: SCC can recur, particularly in larger or high-risk lesions. Regular follow-up examinations support early detection of any new or recurrent lesions.
• Metastasis Likelihood: While SCC has a lower likelihood of spreading than melanoma, metastasis can occur in some advanced cases. Lesions that are deeply invasive or involve nerves or lymphatic structures carry a higher risk.
• Long-Term Outlook: With early identification and appropriate management, most SCCs can be effectively treated. Long-term skin health relies on consistent sun protection, regular skin checks, and adherence to follow-up care.

Squamous cell carcinoma is a common and treatable form of skin cancer when identified early. Recognising warning signs, understanding risk factors, and attending regular skin checks are key to supporting skin health.

At Shellharbour Skin, consultations with Dr Barney Gordon focus on comprehensive assessment, evidence-informed management, and patient education to support long-term care.